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An Alem ((アラビア語:أليم), (トルコ語:Alem)) is a type of metal finial. Although the terms used are somewhat fluid, in Ottoman Turkish, the word ''alem'' means a military banner consisting of a tall pole (''sap'') with a silk flag or banner (''sancak'') topped by a metal finial (''saifa''). In modern Turkish, ''sancak'' can apply to the whole standard and not simply the fabric of the banner. The word ''alem'' came to be applied to the decoration at the top of the flagpole. The central Asian tugh with yak or horse hair (instead of a flag) can also be topped by an alem. One or more metal protective cases or boxes (''muhafazas'') - often octagonal - containing a diminutive copy of the Qu'ran were attached below the alem by a cord or chain. After the rise of Islam (and especially after the fall of Constantinople to the Ottomans in 1453) the word alem also came to be applied to the architectural device which caps a minaret, dome of a mosque or ''minber'' (pulpit). It may incorporate an Islamic emblem of the crescent (with star), a tulip or other shape. Miniatures from the Seljuk era show gilded finials on top of tentpoles. ==See also== * Finial * Flags of the Ottoman Empire 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Alem (finial)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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